Work permits in Belgium

Belgium, being one of the key economic centres of Europe, attracts many foreign specialists and investors. However, to be legally employed in this country, foreigners need to obtain a work permit.

Types of work permits in Belgium

Depending on the status of the worker, the nature of the work activity and the duration of stay, there are several categories of work permits in Belgium:

  1. Type A Work Permit:
    • Target audience: Workers who are eligible for permanent employment in Belgium.
    • Validity period: Indefinitely, subject to certain criteria such as minimum length of service in the country.
    • Features: This type of permit allows you to change employers and occupations freely.
  2. Type B Work Permit:
    • Target audience: Employees employed in a specific position with a specific employer.
    • Term of validity: Up to one year, renewable.
    • Special features: This permit is linked to a specific employer and a new permit will be required for a change of job.
  3. Type C Work Permit:
    • Target audience: Persons with a temporary or uncertain legal status in Belgium (e.g. students, refugees).
    • Term of validity: Up to one year, renewable.
    • Special features: Holders of this permit can change employers but cannot expect permanent employment.
  4. Single Permit (Single Permit):
    • Target audience: Workers from outside the European Union who wish to work in Belgium for more than 90 days.
    • Term of validity: Up to one year, renewable.
    • Features: The single permit combines work and residence permits, simplifying administrative procedures.

The process of obtaining a work permit

The procedure for obtaining a work permit in Belgium involves several key steps:

  1. Document preparation:
    • The employer must apply for a work permit on behalf of the foreign worker.
    • Type B and C permits require the submission of a contract or job offer, as well as documents proving the worker’s qualifications.
  2. Submission of Application:
    • The application is submitted to the relevant regional authority (Flanders, Wallonia or Brussels-Capital Region), depending on the location of the employer.
  3. Consideration of the application:
    • Application processing time can vary from a few weeks to several months, depending on the type of authorisation and individual circumstances.
  4. Obtaining authorisation:
    • Once the application is approved, the employee is authorised and can start working in Belgium.

Specifics for foreign workers

Foreign workers who are not EU citizens should consider the following aspects:

  1. Quotas and priorities: In some cases, there may be a limit on the number of permits issued for certain categories of workers or occupations.
  2. Special programmes: Belgium offers a number of programmes for highly qualified professionals, researchers and workers in scarce professions that can accelerate the obtaining of a permit.
  3. Sanctions for breach of conditions: Employers and workers who breach the conditions for obtaining and using work permits can face serious sanctions, including fines and deportation.

Obtaining a work permit in Belgium is a process that requires careful preparation and an understanding of the local legal requirements. Choosing the right type of permit and submitting the application in a timely manner will ensure successful employment and compliance with all legal regulations. Foreign workers and their employers are advised to seek advice from professional lawyers or migration agencies to optimise the process of obtaining a permit.

Who can work in Belgium?

Belgium is one of the economic and political centres of Europe, offering a wide range of employment opportunities for both EU and third-country nationals. The question of who has the right to work in Belgium is a topical issue for many foreign professionals and employers.

Citizens of the European Union, the European Economic Area and Switzerland

  1. Right to free movement: Citizens of European Union (EU) member states, the European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland have the right to free movement and employment in Belgium without the need for a work permit. This includes both permanent and temporary employment.
  2. Prerequisites for starting work: EU, EEA and Swiss nationals must register with the local authorities in their place of residence and obtain an identification number (NISS) in order to start work. This requirement also applies to their family members, regardless of their nationality.
  3. Recognition of qualifications: Some professions, such as medicine or law, require the recognition of qualifications obtained outside Belgium, which may require additional checks or examinations.

Third-country nationals

Foreigners who are not EU, EEA or Swiss nationals must fulfil a number of additional requirements to work legally in Belgium:

  1. Work Permit:
    • Type A: The permit, which entitles you to work in Belgium without time limit and without being tied to a specific employer, is issued to persons who hold a long-term residence permit.
    • Type B: Permit restricted to a specific employer and occupation, issued for one year, renewable.
    • Type C: Temporary work permit for persons with uncertain legal status (e.g. students, refugees).
  2. Single Permit: Third-country nationals who wish to work in Belgium for more than 90 days must obtain a Single Permit, which combines a work permit and a residence permit. The application must be submitted through the employer to the relevant regional authority.
  3. Highly qualified professionals: For highly qualified workers and researchers there are simplified procedures for obtaining work permits. Under the European Blue Card programme, such professionals can obtain long-term work permits with the prospect of later obtaining a residence permit.
  4. Exemptions and special categories: Certain categories of workers such as diplomats, academics, employees of international organisations and some others may be exempted from the need to obtain a work permit.

Specifics of employment for certain categories

  1. Students: International students studying at accredited institutions in Belgium can work up to 20 hours per week during the academic year and full-time during holidays. A type C work permit is required for this purpose.
  2. Family members: Spouses and children of EU, EEA, Swiss and third-country nationals who have a residence permit in Belgium may work without further authorisation, provided they hold the relevant residence permit.
  3. Refugees and asylum seekers: Persons who have been granted asylum in Belgium have the right to work without the need for an additional permit. However, those who are in the process of processing an asylum application can only work under certain conditions.

The right to work in Belgium depends on the nationality, qualifications and legal status of the employee. EU, EEA and Swiss nationals are entitled to free employment, while third-country nationals must go through more complex authorisation procedures. A proper understanding of these requirements and timely application for the necessary permits will help to avoid legal problems and ensure a successful start of employment in Belgium.

How to apply for a Belgium work visa

Belgium is a country with a highly developed economy and many opportunities for foreign professionals. However, citizens of countries outside the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland must obtain a work visa before they can start working in Belgium.

Categories of work visas

Before you start applying for a work visa, it is important to determine which category you fall into, as the type of visa and the application process can vary:

  1. Single Permit: Combines a work permit and a residence permit for those who plan to work in Belgium for more than 90 days.
  2. Short-term visa (type C): Designed for temporary work (up to 90 days), usually for business trips or short-term projects.
  3. EU Blue Card: For highly qualified professionals who want to work in Belgium for a long period of time.

Main steps in the application process

  1. Document preparation:
    • Statement from the employer: An employer in Belgium must prepare a statement confirming the intention to hire a foreign professional and explaining why the position cannot be filled by local staff.
    • Employment Contract: An executed and signed employment contract stating all terms and conditions of employment, including salary, job duties and terms of employment.
    • Passport: A valid passport, which must be valid for at least three months after the planned end of the stay.
    • Photographs: Two current passport size photographs.
    • Health insurance: An insurance policy covering the entire period of stay in Belgium.
    • Criminal record certificate: A document proving the absence of a criminal record in the country of permanent residence.
    • Documents confirming qualifications: Diplomas, certificates, letters of recommendation and other documents confirming professional qualifications.
  2. Submission of Application:
    • Through the employer: In the case of a single permit, the application is submitted by the employer to the local regional authorities (Flanders, Wallonia or the Brussels-Capital Region). Once the application is approved by the regional authorities, it is forwarded to the Ministry of the Interior for visa issuance.
    • Consulate: In other cases, the application must be submitted to the consular section of the Belgian Embassy in your country of residence. The visa application must be accompanied by all the required documents.
  3. Consideration of the application:
    • The application process can take from a few weeks to a few months depending on the visa category, complete documentation and individual circumstances.
    • If necessary, the consulate or migration authorities may request additional documents or information.
  4. Obtaining a visa:
    • Once your application has been successfully processed, your visa is issued and you can start preparing for your move to Belgium.
    • It is important to remember that a visa may have restrictions on length of stay and working conditions.

Important aspects

  1. Double taxation: Make sure you are familiar with the tax obligations both in Belgium and in your home country. Belgium has double taxation treaties with a number of countries.
  2. Recognition of diplomas: In some professions, such as medicine or engineering, it may be necessary to recognise qualifications obtained outside the EU.
  3. Residence permit: A work visa entitles you to a residence permit, which must be issued within 8 days of arrival in Belgium.

Applying for a work visa to Belgium is a complex process that requires careful preparation and precise compliance with all requirements. Employers and foreign professionals must work closely together to successfully complete all the necessary documents. In order to minimise risks and speed up the process, it is recommended to contact qualified migration consultants or lawyers.

Work visa requirements in Belgium

Belgium, as one of Europe’s key economies, attracts many foreign professionals seeking employment in the country. To work legally in Belgium, citizens of countries outside the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland must obtain a work visa.

Basic requirements for obtaining a work visa

In order to obtain a work visa to Belgium, the applicant and their potential employer must fulfil a number of key requirements:

  1. Conclusion of a labour contract:
    • An employer in Belgium must conclude a labour contract with a foreign employee, which stipulates all the terms and conditions of employment, including job duties, salary, duration of the employment contract and other key aspects.
    • The employment contract must comply with Belgian labour standards, including minimum wage rates and working conditions.
  2. Obtaining a work permit:
    • Third-country nationals (non-EU/EEA/Switzerland) are required to obtain a work permit. There are several types of permits in Belgium, including type A, B and C permits, as well as a Single Permit, which includes a work permit and a residence permit.
    • The type B work permit is the most common and is issued for one year with the possibility of renewal. It is linked to a specific employer and position.
  3. Eligibility Requirements:
    • A foreign worker must have the necessary qualifications and experience appropriate to the position for which he or she is applying.
    • In some cases, foreign diplomas and certificates may need to be recognised, especially in professions governed by Belgian law (medicine, engineering, etc.).
  4. Meeting the criteria of the migration service:
    • The applicant must fulfil a number of general requirements, including having no criminal record, being in good health and having sufficient financial means to reside in Belgium.
    • The employer must confirm that no suitable candidate among EU/EEA/Swiss nationals could be found for the vacancy.

Documents required to apply for a work visa

To apply for a work visa to Belgium, you need to submit the following package of documents:

  1. Completed visa application: The application form is available on the website of the consulate or visa application centre.
  2. Passport: A valid passport with an expiry date of at least three months after the expected visa expiry date. Copies of all used passport pages must also be attached.
  3. Photographs: Two recent passport-size photographs that meet visa photography standards.
  4. Employment contract: Original or copy of the signed labour contract with the employer in Belgium.
  5. Work permit: Copy of the work permit issued by the Belgian regional authorities.
  6. Criminal record certificate: A document proving that you have no criminal record in your country of residence.
  7. Health insurance: An insurance policy covering the entire stay in Belgium.
  8. Proof of financial solvency: Bank statements or other documents proving that you have sufficient funds to live in Belgium.
  9. Additional Documents: Depending on the specific situation, additional documents such as proof of qualifications, letters of recommendation, and others may be required.

The process of applying for a work visa

  1. Applying:
    • The visa application must be submitted to the Belgian consulate in the applicant’s country of residence. The employer in Belgium must also apply for a work permit with the regional authorities.
  2. Consideration of the application:
    • The application process can take from a few weeks to a few months depending on the type of visa and individual circumstances.
  3. Obtaining a visa:
    • Once the application is approved, a visa is issued which authorises you to enter Belgium and start working. It is important to note that the visa may be linked to a specific employer and a change of employment will require a new permit.

Specifics for certain categories of employees

  1. Highly skilled professionals: There are simplified procedures for such workers, including the European Blue Card programme, which allows them to obtain a long-term work permit with the prospect of obtaining a permanent residence permit.
  2. Temporary and seasonal workers: There are special types of visas for such categories of workers, which have limitations in terms of duration and type of activity.
  3. Employees of international organisations and diplomats: These categories of workers have special conditions for obtaining visas and work permits, including possible benefits and simplified procedures.

Obtaining a work visa to Belgium is a multi-stage process that requires careful preparation and compliance with all legal requirements. Employers and foreign specialists should closely follow the current changes in legislation and submit all necessary documents in a timely manner. Contacting professional consultants and lawyers can significantly simplify the process and increase the chances of successfully obtaining a work visa.

Long-stay visa types for working in Belgium

Belgium, as an important economic centre of Europe, attracts many foreign professionals and investors. To work legally in Belgium, citizens of countries outside the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland need to obtain a long-term visa.

Main types of long-term visas to work in Belgium

  1. Single Permit to work and reside (Single Permit)

Target audience: Third-country nationals wishing to work in Belgium for more than 90 days.

Description: The single permit combines a work permit and a residence permit in one document. The employer applies for this permit on behalf of the employee. Once the permit is approved, the employee is authorised to work and reside in Belgium for up to one year, with the possibility of renewal.

Submission process:

  1. The employer must apply to the relevant regional authority (Flanders, Wallonia or the Brussels-Capital Region).
  2. Once approved by the regional authorities, the application is sent to the Federal Migration Service for final approval.

Features:

  1. A single authorisation is issued for a specific employer and position.
  2. If you change employers, a new permit is required.
  3. European Blue Card (EU Blue Card)

Target audience: Highly qualified professionals from non-EU countries.

Description: The EU Blue Card is a long-term work permit designed to attract highly skilled workers to EU countries, including Belgium. It provides the opportunity to work and reside in Belgium and to obtain permanent residence after a certain period of time.

Basic Requirements:

  1. Higher education (minimum three-year degree) or significant professional experience.
  2. A concluded employment contract with a Belgian employer with a salary above the threshold (€55,431 in 2024).

Benefits:

  1. Possibility to change employer and work in other EU countries after 18 months.
  2. Pathway to permanent residence.
  3. Type B work permit

Target audience: Foreign workers invited to work in Belgium under a specific employment contract.

Description: A Type B permit is issued for employment with a specific employer and in a specific position. It is valid for up to one year and can be extended if the continuation of the employment contract is approved by the authorities.

Submission process:

  1. The employer applies to the regional authorities for a work permit.
  2. Once approved, a Type B work permit is issued together with a long-term visa granting the right of residence.

Features:

  1. Tied to a specific employer.
  2. An employee cannot change jobs without obtaining a new Type B permit.
  3. Visa for entrepreneurs and self-employed persons

Target audience: Foreign entrepreneurs and self-employed persons planning to do business in Belgium.

Description: This type of visa is intended for individuals who intend to start their own business or work as self-employed professionals in Belgium. The visa allows you to conduct business activities and reside in the country on a long-term basis.

Basic Requirements:

  1. A detailed business plan demonstrating the economic viability of the project.
  2. Evidence of financial solvency and availability of funds to realise the business.
  3. Having the appropriate licences or permits to do business in Belgium (depending on the type of activity).

Benefits:

  1. Ability to manage the business independently.
  2. Pathway to permanent residence.
  3. Visa for researchers and scientists

Target audience: Foreign researchers and scientists invited to work in research institutions or universities in Belgium.

Description: This type of visa is intended for researchers invited to conduct scientific research or work in academic institutions. The visa grants the right to reside and work in Belgium for a long term in the framework of a scientific project.

Basic Requirements:

  1. Establishment of a research agreement with a recognised research institution in Belgium.
  2. Confirmation of sufficient funding to cover living expenses.

Benefits:

  1. Opportunity to work in prestigious scientific institutions and participate in international projects.
  2. Pathway to permanent residence.

The application process for a long-term visa

  1. Gathering the necessary documents:
    • Visa Application.
    • Valid passport.
    • Labour contract or research agreement (depending on the type of visa).
    • Confirmation of financial solvency.
    • Health Insurance.
    • Other documents required for the specific type of visa.
  2. Applying:
    • The application is submitted to the Belgian consulate in the applicant’s country of residence or through an employer in Belgium.
    • In some cases, such as for single authorisations, the application is submitted by the employer directly to the Belgian regional authorities.
  3. Consideration of the application:
    • The processing can take anywhere from a few weeks to a few months, depending on the type of visa and the complexity of the case.
  4. Obtaining a visa and entering Belgium:
    • Once the application is approved, the visa is issued and the applicant can enter Belgium.
    • Upon arrival, you must register with the local authorities and apply for a residence permit.

Obtaining a long-term visa to work in Belgium requires careful preparation and compliance with all legal requirements. The choice of the right type of visa depends on the nature of the employment and the professional status of the applicant. Employers and foreign professionals should closely follow current changes in legislation and consult with professional lawyers or migration agents to successfully complete the visa application process.

Who needs a Belgium employment Visa?

Belgium, as one of Europe’s leading economies, attracts many foreign professionals wishing to work in a variety of sectors, from high technology to finance and manufacturing. However, in order to work legally in Belgium, citizens of a number of countries must obtain a work visa.

Citizens of the European Union, the European Economic Area and Switzerland

  1. Freedom of movement: Citizens of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland have the right to free movement and employment in Belgium. This means that they do not need a work visa to work in the country.
  2. Registration requirements: Although a work visa is not required, EU, EEA and Swiss nationals must register with the local authorities in their place of residence and obtain an identification number (NISS), which is necessary for legal work and taxation.
  3. Recognition of qualifications: In certain professions, such as medicine or law, it may be necessary to recognise qualifications obtained in another country, which may involve taking additional examinations or undergoing accreditation.

Third-country nationals

For non-EU, EEA or Swiss nationals, a work visa is a prerequisite for employment in Belgium. Depending on the duration and nature of the work, there are different types of visas and work permits.

  1. Single Permit (Single Permit):
    • Target audience: Third-country nationals planning to work in Belgium for more than 90 days.
    • Requirements: The employer must apply for a permit on behalf of the worker. Once approved, the worker is authorised to reside and work in Belgium.
    • Validity Period: The permit is usually issued for one year with the possibility of renewal.
  2. Short-term work visa (type C):
    • Target audience: Workers planning temporary work in Belgium (up to 90 days), e.g. for short-term projects or business trips.
    • Special features: This type of visa is suitable for professionals sent for specific projects or temporary work.
  3. Visa for highly qualified specialists (EU Blue Card):
    • Target audience: Highly qualified professionals from third countries with the necessary skills and qualifications to work in Belgium.
    • Advantages: The EU Blue Card allows you to work and live in Belgium and enables you to obtain a long-term residence permit in the future.
    • Basic requirements: Availability of higher education and employment contract with salary above a set threshold.
  4. Visa for entrepreneurs and self-employed persons:
    • Target audience: Third-country nationals planning to run a business or work as self-employed professionals in Belgium.
    • Basic requirements: Detailed business plan, proof of financial solvency and business licence (if required).

Exemptions and special categories

Certain categories of foreign nationals may be exempted from the need for a work visa or have special conditions for employment in Belgium:

  1. Diplomats and employees of international organisations: These categories of workers are generally exempt from the need to obtain a work visa if they perform their official duties under international arrangements.
  2. Researchers and scientists: Persons invited to work in scientific institutions in Belgium may have special conditions for obtaining a visa and work permit.
  3. Students: International students studying in Belgium may work part-time (up to 20 hours per week) without obtaining a separate work permit, as long as such work does not interfere with their studies.
  4. Family members: Spouses and children of EU, EEA and Swiss nationals, as well as third-country nationals with a Belgian residence permit, may work without a separate authorisation, provided they hold a residence permit.

The need to obtain a work visa for Belgium depends on the nationality of the employee and the nature of his/her employment. EU, EEA and Swiss nationals are free to work in Belgium, while third-country nationals must obtain a visa or authorisation. Understanding these requirements and completing all necessary documents in a timely manner will help avoid legal complications and ensure successful employment in Belgium.

How to apply for a Belgium work visa?

Belgium, as one of the leading economic centres of Europe, attracts many foreign professionals wishing to find work in this country. However, for citizens of countries outside the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland, employment in Belgium requires a work visa.

Main steps in applying for a work visa

  1. Determining the appropriate type of visa

Before you begin the application process, you need to determine which type of work visa is right for you:

  1. Single Permit: Suitable for long-term employment (more than 90 days).
  2. Short-term work visa (type C): Intended for temporary work in Belgium for up to 90 days.
  3. EU Blue Card (EU Blue Card): Suitable for highly qualified professionals.
  4. Visa for entrepreneurs and self-employed persons: For those who plan to run a business or work as a self-employed professional.
  5. Receiving an invitation to work

One of the key requirements for obtaining a work visa to Belgium is to have an employment contract with a Belgian employer. The employer must provide you with a formal contract or invitation to work, which will serve as the basis for your visa application.

  1. Preparation of necessary documents

To apply for a work visa, you need to prepare the following documents:

  1. Completed visa application: The application form is available on the website of the Belgian Consulate or at the visa application centre.
  2. Valid passport: The validity of the passport must be at least three months after the expected expiry date of the visa.
  3. Photographs: Two current passport size photographs.
  4. Employment Contract: A signed employment contract stating all terms and conditions of employment, including salary, length of contract and job responsibilities.
  5. Work permit: In the case of a single permit, this is the document that confirms your right to work in Belgium.
  6. Health insurance: A policy covering the entire period of your stay in Belgium.
  7. Criminal record certificate: A document proving that you have no criminal record in your country of residence.
  8. Proof of financial solvency: Bank statements or other documents proving that you have sufficient funds to live in Belgium.
  9. Submitting an application

Once all the necessary documents have been prepared, the visa application is submitted to the Belgian consulate in your country of residence. In some cases, the application can be submitted through a visa application centre or through your employer if it is a single permit.

  1. Consular Fee: A consular fee must be paid during the application process, the amount of which depends on the type of visa.
  2. Appointment for an interview: In some cases, an interview at the consulate is required.
  3. Consideration of application

The process of processing a work visa application can take from several weeks to several months, depending on the complexity of the case and the workload of the consulate. It is important to note that if necessary, the consulate may request additional documents or information.

  1. Obtaining a visa and entering Belgium

Once your application has been successfully processed, you will be granted a visa that will allow you to enter Belgium and start working. Once you arrive in the country, you must register with the local authorities at your place of residence and apply for a residence permit.

  1. Registration with the local authorities: Within 8 days of your arrival in Belgium, you must register with the local authorities and obtain a residence permit.
  2. Residence permit: A residence permit will confirm your right to live and work in Belgium for the duration of your employment contract.

Important aspects and recommendations

  1. Meeting deadlines: Your visa application must be submitted well in advance to avoid delays that could interfere with your employment.
  2. Consultations with lawyers: In case of complicated or non-standard situations, it is recommended to seek assistance from professional lawyers or migration agents who will help you to prepare the documents correctly and avoid mistakes.
  3. Following instructions: It is important to carefully follow the instructions of the consulate or visa application centre and provide only accurate information, as errors or inaccurate information may result in a visa refusal.

Obtaining a work visa to Belgium is a process that requires careful preparation and compliance with all legal requirements. A proper understanding of the application procedure, gathering the necessary documents and consulting with professionals will help you to successfully complete all stages and start working in Belgium.

Required documents for a Belgium employment visa

Obtaining a work visa for Belgium is an important and multi-step process that requires careful preparation of documents. Regardless of the type of visa, whether it is a single work and residence permit or an EU Blue Card, the correct and complete submission of all required documents plays a key role in the successful processing of the application.

Basic documents for applying for a work visa

  1. Completed visa application form
    • Description: The application form must be completed in the official language of Belgium (French, Dutch or German) or in English. It is important to fill in all fields carefully and accurately to avoid mistakes that could delay the application.
    • Where to get: The application form can be found on the website of the Belgian Consulate or at a visa centre.
  2. Valid passport
    • Description: The applicant’s passport must be valid for at least three months after the expected visa expiry date. The passport must contain at least two blank pages for visa stamps.
    • Copies of pages: Copies of all used passport pages, including pages with previous visas and border crossing stamps are required.
  3. Passport size photos
    • Requirements: Two recent passport-size colour passport photographs that meet the standards for visa photographs (size 3.5 x 4.5 cm, on a white or light background). The applicant’s face must be clearly visible, without hats or tinted glasses (unless dictated by religious or medical reasons).
  4. Labour contract
    • Description: Original and a copy of a signed employment contract with a Belgian employer stating job duties, salary, contract duration and working conditions.
    • Special features: It is important that the contract complies with the minimum standards of Belgian labour law and is concluded with a registered employer in Belgium.
  5. Work permit
    • Description: For non-EU/EEA/Switzerland third-country nationals, a work permit (types A, B, C or single work and residence permit) is required. This is a document that confirms your right to work in Belgium.
    • Who applies: Usually the application for authorisation is submitted by the employer to the relevant regional authorities (Flanders, Wallonia, Brussels-Capital Region).
  6. Criminal record certificate
    • Description: Original certificate of criminal record issued by the competent authorities of the applicant’s country of residence. The document must confirm the absence of a criminal record for the last five years.
    • Translation and legalisation: The certificate must be translated into one of the official languages of Belgium or into English and, if necessary, legalised.
  7. Health insurance
    • Requirements: Health insurance policy covering the entire stay in Belgium. The minimum amount of coverage must be at least €30,000, including repatriation for medical reasons.
    • Provider: The policy can be taken out either with an international insurance company or with an accredited insurance company in Belgium.
  8. Confirmation of financial solvency
    • Description: Documents proving that you have sufficient financial means to live in Belgium for the duration of your visa. These can be bank statements for the last three months, a letter from a sponsor or an employer’s guarantee.
    • Amount: The minimum amount of funds must correspond to the required subsistence level in Belgium.
  9. Documents confirming qualifications
    • Description: Diplomas, certificates, letters of recommendation and other documents confirming the applicant’s professional qualifications corresponding to the position for which he/she is applying.
    • Translation and legalisation: Documents should be translated and, if necessary, legalised.
  10. Additional documents
    • Depending on the type of visa and the applicant’s specific situation, additional documents such as marriage certificate (if the spouse plans to join), children’s birth certificates, work invitations, approval from the authorities to take up a certain position and others may be required.

Application process

  1. Filing of documents
    • The application and all necessary documents must be submitted to the Belgian Consulate in the applicant’s country of residence or to a visa application centre authorised to accept visa applications.
    • The application for a single work and residence permit is submitted by the employer to the relevant regional authority in Belgium.
  2. Payment of consular fee
    • A consular fee is charged at the time of application, the amount of which depends on the type of visa. The fee is payable in local currency or euros, depending on the rules of the particular consulate.
  3. Consideration of application
    • The processing time for a work visa application can vary from a few weeks to several months, depending on the complexity of the case and the workload of the consulate.
    • If necessary, the consulate may request additional documents or information.
  4. Obtaining a visa
    • Once the application is successful, the visa is issued and the applicant can enter Belgium to work.
    • Upon arrival in the country, you must register with the local authorities and apply for a residence permit.

Obtaining a work visa to Belgium requires careful preparation and collection of all necessary documents. Compliance with all requirements and provision of accurate information significantly increases the chances of successful consideration of the application. In case of any difficulties or need for advice, it is recommended to contact professional lawyers or migration agents for qualified assistance.

Where to apply for a Belgium work visa?

The process of obtaining a work visa for Belgium is an important step for third country nationals wishing to work in Belgium. One of the key issues that need to be addressed before starting the application is determining where to submit the documents. Depending on the country of residence and the specifics of a particular case, the visa application can be submitted to different authorities.

Main places to apply for a work visa

  1. Belgian consulate or embassy
    • Description: For most foreign nationals living outside Belgium, the main place to apply for a work visa is the Belgian consulate or embassy in their country of residence. These are official diplomatic missions authorised to receive and process visa applications.
    • Submission process:
      • The applicant must apply for a visa in person at the nearest Belgian consulate or embassy.
      • It is necessary to make an appointment in advance through the official website of the consulate or use the services of the visa centre, if such services are available.
      • After submitting the documents and passing the interview, the applicant needs to pay the consular fee.
    • Address and contacts: Information on the location and contact details of Belgian consulates and embassies is available on the official website of the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is important to clarify the opening hours and the required documents in advance to avoid delays in the application process.
  2. Visa Application Centres
    • Description: In a number of countries, Belgium cooperates with visa centres that simplify the visa application process. These centres accept documents, carry out a preliminary check to ensure that they meet the requirements and forward them to the consulate for final processing.
    • Benefits:
      • More flexible opening hours compared to consulates.
      • Ability to obtain additional services such as express passport delivery, document translation, photography, etc.
      • Ability to track application status through the online system.
    • Submission process:
      • The applicant can submit the documents to the visa centre that serves Belgium and pay the fees.
      • The visa application centre will forward the documents to the consulate for further processing.
    • Contacts: Addresses and contact details of visa centres can be found on the official websites of Belgian consulates or on the website of the visa centre that serves Belgium’s interests in your country.
  3. Online applications and Single Permit (Single Permit)
    • Description: For applicants who apply for a Single Permit to Work and Live (Single Permit), the application process can start online through an employer in Belgium. The employer submits the application to the regional authorities (Flanders, Wallonia or Brussels-Capital Region) and then the process continues in co-operation with the Federal Migration Office.
    • Submission process:
      • The employer applies for a work permit on behalf of the employee using the regional authority’s online systems.
      • Once the application is approved, the employee applies for a visa at the Belgian consulate or embassy, providing the original documents required for the visa.
    • Features:
      • This process involves coordination between the employer, the regional authorities and the consulate, so it is important to agree all steps with the employer in advance.
  4. Filing through accredited agencies
    • Description: In some countries it is possible to apply through accredited agencies that are officially authorised to represent applicants in the visa application process. These agencies provide a comprehensive service, from document preparation to submission and tracking the status of the application.
    • Benefits:
      • Reducing the risk of filing errors.
      • Advice on all stages of obtaining a visa.
      • Representing the interests of the applicant before consular and visa services.
    • Submission process:
      • The applicant enters into a contract with an accredited agency, which then organises the entire application process.

Choosing the right place to apply for a work visa to Belgium depends on many factors, including the country of residence, the type of visa and the individual circumstances of the applicant. The most common option is to apply through a consulate or visa centre. However, more complex cases, such as obtaining a single permit or using an agency, require more detailed planning and coordination with the employer and migration authorities. Proper preparation and timely application to the right authorities can help avoid delays and speed up the visa application process.

Processing time for Belgium work visa

The process of obtaining a work visa to Belgium requires careful preparation and compliance with all formalities. One of the key aspects that is important to consider when planning your employment is the processing time of your application. Understanding the timeframe will allow you to better organise the process of moving to and starting work in Belgium.

Main factors affecting processing times

  1. Visa type
    • Single Permit: This is the most common type of visa for long-term employment in Belgium. As the application for a Single Permit requires coordination between the regional authorities and the Federal Migration Service, the processing time may be longer than for other types of visas.
    • Short-term work visa (type C): For applications for short-term visas intended for temporary work or travelling, processing times are usually shorter as they do not require approval from the migration authorities.
    • EU Blue Card (EU Blue Card): The processing time of a blue card application depends on the complexity of the case and may be comparable to the processing time of a single permit.
  2. Country of application

Processing times may vary depending on the country where the application is submitted. In countries with a high volume of applications, consular services may experience higher workloads, which may increase waiting times.

  1. Completeness and correctness of documents

Preparing a complete and correct set of documents plays a key role in the speed of application processing. Any missing or incorrect documents may cause delays as the consulate may request additional materials or clarifications.

  1. Seasonal fluctuations

The time of application also affects the processing time. During periods of high demand, such as the summer months or before Christmas, consular services may be busier, which increases the processing time.

  1. Individual circumstances

Processing times may vary depending on an applicant’s individual circumstances, such as previous visa refusals, the need for additional security checks or other factors requiring additional processing time.

Approximate processing times

  1. Single Permit to work and reside (Single Permit)
    • Average treatment time: 8 to 16 weeks.
    • Special features: Processing time may increase depending on the complexity of the case and the need to obtain approval from various regional authorities.
  2. Short-term work visa (type C)
    • Average treatment time: 2 to 4 weeks.
    • Features: This type of visa is processed faster as it does not require long-term approval from migration authorities.
  3. EU Blue Card (EU Blue Card)
    • Average treatment time: 12 to 20 weeks.
    • Special features: The process may take longer due to the need to verify qualifications and eligibility for a blue card.
  4. Special visa categories
    • For visas for researchers, diplomats, seasonal workers and other categories, processing times may vary depending on the specifics of each category and the need for additional checks.

Recommendations to speed up the process

  1. Advance preparation of documents

Start preparing documents as early as possible. Make sure that all documents meet the requirements and are translated into the correct language, if necessary.

  1. Thorough check for correctness

Before submitting your application, carefully check all documents for errors and mistakes. This will help avoid delays due to the need to provide additional information.

  1. Contacting professional counsellors

In case of complicated or non-standard situations, it is recommended to contact migration consultants or lawyers who will help to prepare the documents correctly and minimise the risks of delays.

  1. Selecting the optimum feed time

Plan your application at times when consular services are less busy to reduce waiting times.

The processing time of a Belgian work visa application depends on many factors, including the type of visa, the country of application, the correctness of the documents and the current workload of the consular services. Advance preparation, following the instructions exactly and professional support can significantly reduce the waiting time and increase the chances of a successful visa application. Proper planning of the application process will ensure a smooth transition to work in Belgium and minimise potential delays.

Taxes in Belgium for foreign workers

Belgium, as one of Europe’s leading economies, attracts many foreign professionals wishing to work in a country with high standards of living and a stable economy. However, along with these advantages, foreign workers need to take into account the local taxation system, which can be quite complex and multifaceted.

Main types of taxes for foreign workers

  1. Income tax
    • Description: Income tax is the main tax levied on the income of individuals living and working in Belgium. Belgium’s tax system is progressive, which means that tax rates increase as income increases.
    • Odds:
      • Up to €13,870: 25%
      • Between €13,870 and €24,480: 40%
      • Between €24,480 and €42,370: 45%
      • Over €42,370: 50%
    • Special features: Foreign employees recognised as tax residents of Belgium are required to declare and pay taxes on all their income, including income earned outside the country.
  2. Social contributions
    • Description: Social security contributions are compulsory for all employees in Belgium. These contributions include pension insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance and other social programmes.
    • Odds:
      • Employees: About 13.07% of gross revenue.
      • Employers: About 25% of the employee’s gross income.
    • Special features: Social contributions form a significant part of the overall tax burden and are an important component of social security in the country.
  3. Local taxes
    • Description: Belgium has local taxes that are levied by municipalities or provinces. These taxes may include property tax, local service tax and other levies.
    • Rates: May vary by region and municipality, but are generally between 7% and 9% of income tax.
  4. Capital gains tax
    • Description: Capital gains tax in Belgium is generally not levied on gains realised from the sale of shares or investments if these gains are not the taxpayer’s main activity.
    • Exemptions: Gains from the sale of real estate used in business activities may be taxable.

Peculiarities of taxation for foreign workers

  1. Determination of tax residency
    • Description: Tax residency in Belgium is determined on the basis of actual residence in Belgium. Persons who live in Belgium for more than 183 days per year are automatically recognised as tax residents.
    • Implications: Tax residents are taxed on all worldwide income, whereas non-residents are taxed only on income earned in Belgium.
  2. Double taxation treaties
    • Description: Belgium has signed double tax treaties with more than 80 countries. These treaties help prevent double taxation of income earned in different countries.
    • Application: Foreign employees can reduce or avoid double taxation if their country has such an agreement with Belgium. To do so, the relevant evidence must be provided and a declaration must be completed.
  3. Tax benefits and deductions
    • Description: Belgium has various tax exemptions and deductions that can reduce the amount of taxable income.
    • Core Benefits:
      • Child and dependent benefits.
      • Deductions for mortgage payments and interest on loans.
      • Deductions for vocational education and training expenses.
      • Benefits for highly qualified professionals and researchers.
  4. Special tax regimes
    • Description: For certain categories of foreign workers, including highly qualified professionals and researchers, Belgium has special tax regimes that reduce the tax burden.
    • Examples: Special treatment for expats, which allows certain types of expenses related to moving and living in Belgium to be excluded from taxable income.

Tax return filing process

  1. Submission deadlines
    • Description: The tax return in Belgium is usually filed between April and June of the year following the tax period.
    • Extension of the deadline: In some cases, it is possible to extend the deadline for filing a return, especially for those filing electronically through the Tax-on-web system.
  2. Documents required
    • Description: To file a tax return, foreign workers must provide documents confirming their income, payment of taxes in other countries (if applicable), as well as documents confirming their entitlement to tax exemptions and deductions.
    • Translation of documents: All documents submitted in a foreign language must be translated into one of the official languages of Belgium (French, Dutch or German) or into English.
  3. Submission process
    • Description: Tax returns can be filed in paper form or online through Tax-on-web. Electronic filing allows for faster processing and receipt of a tax refund.
    • Professional help: In case of complicated situations or the need to take into account income from several countries, it is recommended to contact tax consultants who will help to fill in the declaration correctly and minimise the tax burden.

Taxation of foreign employees in Belgium is a complex process that requires careful consideration of many factors. From determining tax residency to utilising tax incentives and double taxation treaties, all these aspects require careful consideration and planning. Foreign employees are advised to prepare for the tax period well in advance, consult with professionals and keep abreast of changes in legislation to avoid potential mistakes and minimise tax liabilities.

Minimum wage in Belgium

Belgium, as one of the leading economies in Europe, has a complex system of labour regulation, which includes the establishment of a minimum wage. The minimum wage in Belgium is an important instrument of social policy aimed at ensuring a decent standard of living for workers.

General structure of the minimum wage

  1. Federal level
    • Description: In Belgium, the minimum wage is set at the federal level through the National Labour Council (Conseil National du Travail, CNT). This body defines a basic minimum wage that applies to all economic sectors and regions of the country.
    • Current rates: As of 2024, the basic minimum wage for workers over 21 years of age is around €1,955.58 per month (gross). There are reduced rates for younger workers (18-20 years old), which are gradually increased as they reach the older age categories.
  2. Collective agreements
    • Description: In addition to the federal level, many industries and companies set their minimum wages through collective labour agreements (CLAs). These agreements may provide for higher rates than the federally mandated base level.
    • Examples: In sectors such as construction, health care, finance and IT, collective bargaining agreements often set rates above the federal minimum to attract and retain skilled workers.
  3. Indexation of the minimum wage
    • Description: In Belgium, the minimum wage is subject to automatic indexation according to the rate of inflation. This system, known as the “indexation system”, allows wages to be adjusted regularly in line with changes in the cost of living.
    • Frequency: Indexation may take place once a year or more frequently, depending on the rate of inflation. This protects the purchasing power of employees.

Impact on business and economy

  1. Labour costs
    • Description: Minimum wages affect business costs, especially in sectors with low skill levels or a high proportion of manual labour. Employers should take into account not only basic wages but also social contributions, which represent a significant part of total labour costs.
    • Social contributions: In Belgium, the employer’s social contributions amount to about 25 per cent of the employee’s gross salary, which significantly increases the total personnel costs.
  2. Competitiveness
    • Description: Setting a high minimum wage can put pressure on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), especially those competing in international markets. This may lead to the need to optimise production processes, introduce automation or revise business models to remain competitive.
    • Attracting and retaining staff: High minimum wage rates can help attract and retain skilled labour, which is particularly important in highly competitive industries.
  3. Social stability
    • Description: Minimum wages play an important role in ensuring social stability, reducing poverty and maintaining consumer demand. It ensures that even low-paid workers can maintain an acceptable standard of living, which in turn contributes to economic growth through increased consumption.

Regional peculiarities

  1. Regional differences
    • Description: Although the minimum wage is set at the federal level, some regions in Belgium (e.g. Flanders, Wallonia and the Brussels-Capital Region) may offer additional benefits or support programmes for businesses and employees, which may affect the actual income level.
    • Employment incentives: Some regions may have subsidy programmes for employers hiring low-income workers, which helps to reduce the burden on business and maintain employment levels.
  2. Impact on labour mobility
    • Description: Differences in minimum wage levels and working conditions can contribute to internal labour migration between regions. Workers may move to regions with higher wages or better working conditions, which affects the labour market and demographics of the country.

Trends and future development

  1. Minimum wage growth
    • Description: Belgium has seen a steady increase in the minimum wage in recent years due to inflation, union pressure and changes in social policy. The minimum wage is expected to continue to rise in the coming years, especially in the context of economic recovery after the pandemic.
    • Impact on business: For businesses, this means having to plan for and adapt to change, including possible increases in product or service prices to compensate for increased labour costs.
  2. Impact of global trends
    • Description: Global trends such as digitalisation, automation and the transition to a green economy can have a significant impact on labour market structure and minimum wage requirements. In this context, it is important that minimum wages reflect the real cost of living and promote social justice.

Conclusion

The minimum wage in Belgium is an important element of the country’s social and economic policy. Its level and structure have a significant impact on the labour market, business competitiveness and social stability. For employers, it is important to take into account current and foreseeable developments in minimum wages when developing pay strategies and business planning. In turn, for workers, understanding their rights and opportunities related to the minimum wage allows them to effectively protect their interests and improve their standard of living.

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